blog posts

NAD+ infusions – How useful are they really?

NAD+ Infusions – How Useful Are They Really? And Why NMN May Be a Better Alternative A longevity trend in Hollywood and science More and more Hollywood stars, biohackers, and health experts are turning to NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to boost energy, slow cell aging, and optimize health. NAD+ infusions are particularly popular and are offered in exclusive longevity clinics for several hundred to thousands of euros per session. But how effective are these infusions really? And is there perhaps a better, more practical alternative? The answer may lie in NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) – a natural precursor to NAD+ that has been scientifically proven to enable a sustainable and long-term increase in NAD+ levels. Why is NAD+ so important for the body? NAD+ is an essential coenzyme found in every cell and plays a key role in many vital processes: 🔹 Energy production: NAD+ is essential for cellular respiration in the mitochondria—the "powerhouses" of cells. Without NAD+, the body cannot produce ATP (energy). 🔹 DNA repair: It activates enzymes such as sirtuins, which repair damaged DNA and thus slow down cell aging. 🔹 Anti-inflammatory & cell protection: NAD+ helps reduce oxidative stress and fight chronic inflammation. 🔹 Longevity & Anti-Aging: Studies show that higher NAD+ levels are associated with better cellular health and a longer, more vital life. The problem? With age, NAD+ levels drop dramatically—by as much as 50% in middle age. This contributes to cellular aging, energy loss, and age-related diseases. NAD+ infusions: Do they really work? NAD+ infusions are designed to help offset this natural decline by delivering NAD+ directly into the bloodstream. Clinics often offer these infusions as an "energy booster" or "anti-aging drip" —with prices ranging from €300 to €1,000 per session . But there are some critical points: ❌ Short-term effect: Intravenous NAD+ can raise blood levels in the short term, but this effect only lasts a few hours or days. ❌ Not always optimally bioavailable: Studies show that NAD+ as a molecule may not reach the cells efficiently where it is actually needed. ❌ High costs & time expenditure: Regular infusions are expensive and require doctor visits or hospital stays. A study by Grant et al. (2019) investigated the effects of intravenously administered NAD+ and found that although an increase in blood NAD+ levels was measurable, it remained unclear how effectively this increase actually improved cellular health ( R ). NMN – The scientifically proven alternative to NAD+ infusions Instead of undergoing regular, expensive infusions, there is a much more practical solution: NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide). Why is NMN the better choice? ✅ Effective, sustainable increase in NAD+ levels: In contrast to direct NAD+ infusions , NMN is efficiently converted into NAD+ in the cells . ✅ Long-term effect: While an infusion only helps for a short time, the effect of NMN lasts continuously as long as it is taken regularly. ✅ Easy to use: No clinic visit, no needles – simply take as powder or capsules. ✅ Cost-effective: One month of NMN costs only a fraction of a single NAD+ infusion. Scientific studies on NMN 📖 Yoshino et al. (2011): Showed that NMN can increase NAD+ levels in cells and improve mitochondrial function. 📖 Mills et al. (2016): Studies in mice showed that NMN prevents age-related metabolic decline and improves insulin sensitivity. 📖 Grozio et al. (2019): Proved that NMN is actively transported into cells and converted into NAD+. These and many other studies confirm that NMN is a scientifically sound, long-term solution for increasing NAD+ levels . Conclusion: Why NMN is the better choice While NAD+ infusions are a Hollywood trend that promises short-term effects, there is a smarter, scientifically proven solution: NMN . NMN is even more effective than direct NAD+ because it efficiently enters cells as a precursor to NAD+. Studies have shown that NAD+ as a molecule cannot be easily transported across the cell membrane, whereas NMN is actively taken up into cells via the Slc12a8 transporter and converted directly into NAD+ ( R ). As a result, NMN sustainably increases NAD+ levels and promotes important cellular processes such as energy production, DNA repair, and longevity. Compared to expensive NAD+ infusions, NMN offers a cost-effective, long-lasting, and scientifically proven alternative ( R ) . So why spend thousands of euros on infusions when you have a daily, convenient and highly effective alternative with beLIVELY NMN ?

Bryan Johnson: The man who wants to reverse aging

Bryan Johnson shows that aging isn't a predetermined fate, but that we have many levers to actively influence it. Through scientifically sound measures, everyone can optimize their quality of life and health.

REM sleep & longevity: Why good sleep can extend your life

REM sleep is a crucial factor for a long, healthy life . It supports cell regeneration, the brain, the immune system, and hormonal balance —making it essential for longevity.

Exclusive Interview: An impressive transformation with the beLIVELY Longevity Bundle

Exclusive Interview with Katja: An impressive transformation with the beLIVELY Longevity Bundle: Today we have the pleasure of telling a very special story - that of Katja, one of our long-time customers, who has experienced a remarkable transformation thanks to the beLIVELY Longevity Bundle (NMN + Resveratrol). At 55 years old, Katja has not only regained her energy and vitality, but has also experienced a surprising turnaround in a problem that has plagued her for many years: her thin hair. In this exclusive interview, she gives us a deep insight into her journey and shares with us how the Longevity Bundle has changed her life. beLIVELY: Katja, it's a pleasure to have you here today. Can you tell us a little about your situation before you started taking our Longevity Bundle? Katja: I'm happy to be here and share my story. A year ago I was at a point where I didn't feel physically the way I used to. My energy was at an all-time low, I often felt weak and tired. But my hair was particularly bothersome. It was getting thinner and thinner, and I had been wearing extensions for years to have at least a little bit of fullness. That was very frustrating for me because I always had full hair, and seeing it thin out over time was very difficult for me. beLIVELY: That sounds really challenging. What ultimately motivated you to try our Longevity Bundle? Katja: I was looking for a solution that wasn't just superficial, but worked from within. Many hair care products or supplements I tried just didn't produce the desired results. When I heard about your Longevity Bundle, which contains NMN and resveratrol - two ingredients known for their effects on cellular health - it felt like the right choice. I wasn't just interested in looking better on the outside, but also in feeling healthy and vital again. beLIVELY: That makes sense. When did you first notice changes after you started taking it? Katja: In fact, after just a few weeks I noticed a significant improvement in my general well-being. It was as if I suddenly had more energy, both physically and mentally. I felt more rested in the morning and was more active and productive throughout the day. That was a wonderful start and motivated me to keep going. beLIVELY: That sounds like a promising start! How have you noticed the change in your hair? Katja: That was the most surprising part of my journey. About ten months later, while I was at the hairdresser, my hairdresser suddenly made a comment about how much thicker and healthier my hair looked. At that point, I was still wearing extensions, but when I looked closer, I realized that my own hair had actually grown in volume. It was a gradual process that I hadn't noticed at first. But from that moment on, I started wearing my extensions less and less until I stopped wearing them altogether. It was an incredible relief - something that I had thought was lost for so long was slowly coming back. beLIVELY: That must have been a fantastic feeling. What other changes did you notice over the course of the year? Katja: In addition to the obvious changes in my hair, I have also noticed that my skin looks much fresher and more youthful. Small wrinkles that I previously had around my eyes have been reduced and my skin feels firmer overall. My mental focus has also improved - I feel clearer in my head, can concentrate better and am simply less forgetful. This combination of physical and mental well-being has given me a new quality of life that I had long been missing. beLIVELY: That sounds like a positive change all around. How has your general attitude to life changed? Katja: I now feel like a revitalized version of myself. It's hard to put it into words, but my whole attitude towards life has improved. I used to often hide behind my extensions and clothes because I felt insecure. Now I go through the day with much more confidence. I feel alive again, full of energy and proud of how far I've come. The beLIVELY Longevity Bundle has given me back a piece of my youth in many ways. beLIVELY: That's really inspiring! What message would you give to other people who are experiencing similar challenges to you? Katja: I think the most important thing is to be patient and not lose heart. The body needs time to regenerate and regain balance. There is no overnight "miracle solution", but if you work consistently on your health and choose products that support the body from the inside out, you can achieve great results in the long term. For me, the Longevity Bundle was exactly the right step and I would recommend it to anyone who wants to feel full of energy and vitality again. beLIVELY: Thank you for sharing your inspiring story with us, Katja. It's wonderful to hear how positively your life has changed and we are grateful that you are part of our beLIVELY family. Katja: It was a pleasure! I hope that my story encourages others to find their own path and not settle for the status quo. If you would like to share your own results with us, please send us an email at kontakt@we-are-lively.com or leave a comment!

The 12 Main Causes of Aging

L-Carnosine: A Comprehensive Overview of Its Effects and Benefits

L-Carnosine is a remarkable molecule that has received increasing scientific attention in recent years. It is a dipeptide composed of the amino acids beta-alanine and L-histidine and is naturally found in high concentrations in skeletal muscle, cardiac tissue, and the brain. The wide range of biological activities exhibited by L-Carnosine has made it a popular subject in longevity and anti-aging research. In this in-depth article, we will take a closer look at the various aspects of L-Carnosine and its potential health benefits. What is L-Carnosine? L-carnosine was first discovered in 1900 by Russian scientist WS Gulewitsch. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to better understand its role in the body. L-carnosine is known to play an important role in the muscles by buffering lactic acid, which helps maintain muscle strength and endurance during intense exercise. But the importance of L-carnosine goes far beyond muscle health. The antioxidant power of L-carnosine One of the most studied properties of L-carnosine is its antioxidant effect. Free radicals generated by normal metabolic processes and environmental factors such as UV radiation and pollution can cause significant cellular damage. This oxidative stress is one of the main factors contributing to aging and the development of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases. L-Carnosine is able to neutralize free radicals before they can cause damage. Studies have shown that it is effective in preventing lipid peroxidation - a form of oxidative damage to cell membranes - which is especially important for protecting cell membranes and mitochondria (the "powerhouses" of cells). Anti-glycation: protection against harmful sugar compounds Another important mechanism by which L-carnosine may slow aging is its ability to prevent the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycation is a process in which sugar molecules bind to proteins, rendering them nonfunctional. This process contributes significantly to skin aging, but also to the development of diabetes and other chronic diseases. L-Carnosine binds to aldehydes (reactive molecules created during glycation), preventing them from binding to proteins and forming AGEs. This may help maintain skin integrity, reduce wrinkles, and slow the overall aging process. Telomere Protection and Cellular Longevity Telomeres are the protective ends of chromosomes that become shorter each time a cell divides. When telomeres become too short, the cell loses its ability to divide, which eventually leads to cell death. Telomere shortening is considered to be one of the central mechanisms of aging. In vitro studies have shown that L-carnosine can stabilize telomeres and extend the lifespan of cells. This may explain why L-carnosine is considered a longevity-promoting agent. By protecting telomeres, L-carnosine may be able to help slow the aging process at the cellular level and promote overall health. Neuroprotective effects: protection of the brain The brain is an organ particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress because it has a high oxygen consumption and is rich in lipids that can easily oxidize. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are associated with oxidative stress and the accumulation of harmful proteins in the brain. Studies on animal models have shown that L-carnosine has neuroprotective properties. It can inhibit the formation of amyloid beta plaques - one of the main features of Alzheimer's disease - and improve cognitive function. L-carnosine has also shown protective effects in strokes and other neurological injuries by protecting neuronal cells from damage. L-Carnosine and Muscle Health In addition to its effects on the brain and cell aging, L-carnosine plays a crucial role in muscle health. Through its ability to buffer the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles, it helps reduce muscle fatigue during exercise and improves recovery after intense physical activity. This makes it particularly interesting for athletes and older people who want to counteract muscle loss and weakness. L-Carnosine in Skin Care The skin is the body's largest organ and one of the most visible signs of aging. L-Carnosine has been shown to be a valuable ingredient in anti-aging skin care products. It can help protect the skin from free radical damage and reduce the formation of wrinkles by preserving the skin's collagen structure. One study showed that topical application of products containing L-carnosine can improve skin elasticity and significantly reduce the signs of aging. This is due to its ability to protect the collagen matrix and prevent the formation of AGEs in the skin. Dosage and Application of L-Carnosine L-Carnosine is available as a dietary supplement in several forms, including capsules and powder. The recommended dosage varies depending on the purpose of use, but is usually between 500 mg and 1000 mg per day. It is often used in combination with other antioxidants and nutrients to achieve synergistic effects. Safety and side effects L-carnosine is considered safe and well-tolerated. Side effects have been rarely reported in clinical trials, and these have generally been mild, such as stomach upset. However, people with health problems or those taking medication should consult their doctor before taking L-carnosine. Summary and Conclusion L-Carnosine is a versatile molecule with an impressive range of health benefits. From its antioxidant and anti-glycation properties to telomere protection and neuroprotective effects, L-Carnosine shows promise in promoting longevity and slowing the aging process. Although further clinical trials are needed to fully understand the long-term effects in humans, current research suggests that L-carnosine may be a valuable tool in fighting the signs of aging and supporting overall health. Sources Hipkiss, AR (2009). "Carnosine and its possible roles in nutrition and health." Advances in Food and Nutrition Research , 57, 87-154. Brownson, C., Hipkiss, AR (2000). "Carnosine reacts with a wide range of toxic carbonyl species and inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end-products and protein cross-linking in neurodegenerative diseases." Current Medicinal Chemistry , 7(9), 797-809. Boldyrev, A. A., Aldini, G., Derave, W. (2013). "Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine." Physiological Reviews , 93(4), 1803-1845. Preston JE, Hipkiss AR, Himsworth DT, Romero IA, Abbott JN (1998). "Toxic effects of beta-amyloid(25-35) on immortalized rat brain endothelial cell cultures: protection by carnosine, homocarnosine and beta-alanine." Neuroscience Letters , 242(2), 105-108. Gallant, S., Semyonova, M., Yuneva, M. (2000). "Carnosine as a potential anti-senescence drug." Biochemistry (Moscow) , 65(7), 866-868. Aruoma OI, Spencer JP, Mahmood N, et al. (1999). "Evaluation of the antioxidant and prooxidant actions of L-carnosine in vitro." Free Radical Research , 29(4), 307-322.

Collagen: A key molecule for longevity and anti-aging

introduction Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body and plays a crucial role in the structure and integrity of tissues. As a fibrillar protein found primarily in skin, bones, tendons, and connective tissue, collagen is critical for supporting skin structure, joint function, and bone health. In recent years, collagen has received significant attention from both academia and the cosmetics industry due to its potential role in promoting longevity and anti-aging processes. This article explores the structure of collagen, its biological function, and how it may contribute to slowing the aging process. Structure and function of collagen Collagen is a fiber-forming protein consisting of three polypeptide chains that join together to form a triple helix. There are at least 28 different types of collagen, with types I, II, and III being the most common: Type I: Dominant in skin, tendons, bones and connective tissue. Type II: Found mainly in cartilage tissue. Type III: Common in skin, blood vessels and internal organs. These different types give collagen high flexibility and tensile strength, making it an essential component of tissues that must withstand mechanical stress. Collagen and skin aging As we age, the body's collagen production decreases, leading to thinning skin, loss of elasticity, and the appearance of wrinkles. These changes are characteristic of the visible signs of aging. Studies have shown that supplementing with collagen peptides can help slow these processes: Skin elasticity: Collagen can significantly improve skin elasticity. In a randomized, controlled trial, 69 women between the ages of 35 and 55 took 2.5 g or 5 g of collagen peptides daily for eight weeks. The results showed a significant improvement in skin elasticity compared to the placebo group, particularly in participants over 50 years of age. The improvement was visible after just four weeks and continued to increase until the end of the study [ Proksch et al., 2014 ]. Long-term effects: A 12-month long-term study investigated the effect of collagen on skin elasticity and showed that regular intake of collagen peptides not only improved elasticity but also stimulated the formation of new collagen fibers. These results suggest that continuous supplementation provides long-term benefits for skin structure [ Zague et al., 2011 ]. Moisture and wrinkle depth: Collagen contributes to skin moisture regulation and can reduce the depth of wrinkles. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study showed that daily intake of collagen supplements for 12 weeks led to a significant reduction in wrinkle depth. Skin moisture levels improved significantly, indicating increased hydration and moisture retention of the skin [ Asserin et al., 2015 ]. Improved skin barrier function: Collagen can strengthen the skin barrier function, leading to increased water retention. Another study showed that daily collagen intake increased skin hydration by up to 28% and improved skin barrier function, thereby retaining moisture more efficiently in the skin [ Choi et al., 2019 ]. Molecular mechanisms The molecular mechanisms by which collagen influences skin elasticity and hydration include stimulation of skin cells and support of the extracellular matrix: Fibroblast stimulation: Collagen peptides promote the activity of fibroblasts, the cells responsible for the production of collagen and other important skin components. This activation leads to increased production of collagen and hyaluronic acid, another important skin moisturizer [ Stefanovic et al., 2018 ]. Improvement of the extracellular matrix: The extracellular matrix, which consists of collagen and other proteins, plays an essential role in maintaining skin structure. Collagen supplements can help maintain the integrity and functionality of this matrix, leading to improved skin elasticity and hydration [ Khan et al., 2020 ]. Collagen and joint health Age-related degeneration of cartilage, which can lead to arthritis and joint pain, is another major health concern in the aging process. Collagen plays a crucial role in joint health, particularly through type II collagen in cartilage. Cartilage regeneration: Collagen can promote the regeneration of cartilage tissue and thus reduce joint pain. Studies have shown that collagen supplements can relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis and improve joint function [ Martínez-Puig et al., 2023 ]. Reduction of joint pain: In a clinical study with patients suffering from osteoarthritis, daily intake of collagen led to a significant reduction in joint pain and improved joint function after only 12 weeks [ Clark et al., 2008 ]. Collagen and bone strength With age, the risk of bone diseases such as osteoporosis increases as bone density decreases. Collagen is an important component of bone tissue and plays a role in maintaining bone health. Bone mineral density: Collagen supplementation may help increase bone mineral density and slow bone loss. One study found that postmenopausal women taking collagen peptides showed increased bone mineral density, indicating improved bone health [ König et al., 2018 ]. Supports bone regeneration: Collagen peptides can stimulate osteoblast activity, leading to improved bone regeneration and repair. In vitro studies have shown that collagen promotes the production of bone matrix proteins, thus supporting bone health [ F an et al., 2023 ]. Possible mechanisms of the anti-aging effect The effect of collagen on longevity and anti-aging could be due to several biological mechanisms: Fibroblast stimulation: Collagen can stimulate the activity of fibroblasts in the skin, leading to increased production of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins that support skin structure. Reducing inflammation: Collagen peptides may have anti-inflammatory properties that may contribute to reducing age-related inflammation, a process known as “inflammaging” [ Genovese et al., 2017 ]. Antioxidant effect: Some studies suggest that collagen has antioxidant properties that may contribute to protection against oxidative stress, a major factor in cell damage and aging [ Hu et al., 2017 ]. conclusion Collagen is an essential component of the human body and plays a pivotal role in maintaining health and combating the aging process. By promoting skin elasticity, joint health, and bone strength, collagen contributes significantly to improving quality of life in old age. Ongoing research into collagen and its effect on the aging process is likely to continue to yield new insights and applications for this remarkable protein. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates that collagen is not just a cosmetic aid, but also an important therapeutic tool relevant to many aspects of aging and health. Whether through its role in improving skin health or supporting joint and bone function, collagen is an essential molecule in the field of longevity and anti-aging.

Melatonin and its role in longevity and anti-aging

Melatonin is a fascinating hormone known for its role in the sleep-wake cycle, but in recent years it has also gained interest as a potential agent for promoting longevity and anti-aging. This blog post looks at the science behind melatonin and its potential benefits in relation to aging and lifespan. What is melatonin? Melatonin is a hormone produced primarily in the pineal gland of the brain. Its production increases in darkness and peaks at night, helping to regulate the sleep-wake cycle ( Reiter et al., 2014 ). In addition to its role in sleep, melatonin has antioxidant properties and may support the immune system, making it an interesting candidate in the field of anti-aging research. Melatonin and Longevity 1. Antioxidant properties Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that can neutralize free radicals ( Tan et al., 2002 ). Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and play a role in the aging process. By neutralizing these molecules, melatonin can potentially reduce cell damage and thus help protect against age-related diseases. 2. Support of mitochondria Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of our cells and play a crucial role in energy production. As we age, mitochondrial efficiency decreases, leading to a reduction in energy production and an increase in oxidative damage. Studies have shown that melatonin can improve mitochondrial function by reducing oxidative stress and increasing the efficiency of energy production ( Reiter et al., 2008 ). 3. Regulation of genes Melatonin affects the expression of certain genes involved in aging and longevity ( Kondratova et al., 2010 ). Some of these genes are associated with the regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and DNA repair. Proper regulation of these processes can extend the lifespan of cells and thus slow down the aging process. Melatonin and Anti-Aging 1. Promoting skin health Melatonin has been shown to be effective in improving skin health. Its antioxidant properties may help protect the skin from UV rays and other environmental aggressors ( Srinivasan et al., 2011 ). In addition, melatonin may promote collagen production, which contributes to skin firmness and elasticity ( Fisher et al., 2008 ). 2. Anti-inflammatory effect Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the aging process and the development of age-related diseases. Melatonin has anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce chronic inflammation and thus counteract age-related diseases ( Carrillo-Vico et al., 2013 ). 3. Improve sleep quality Healthy sleep is essential for the body's regeneration and the maintenance of cognitive functions. Since melatonin production often decreases with age, taking melatonin supplements can help regulate the sleep-wake cycle and improve sleep quality ( Zhdanova et al., 1997 ). Restful sleep promotes physical and mental health and can help slow down the aging process. use of melatonin 1. Supplements Melatonin is often used as a dietary supplement to treat sleep problems and improve sleep quality ( Brzezinski, 1997 ). It is available in a variety of dosages, with a low dose of 0.3 to 1 mg often being sufficient to support sleep. 2. Topical applications Melatonin is also available in skin care products. These products aim to protect the skin from oxidative stress and support skin regeneration during the night ( Slominski et al., 2014 ). Conclusion Melatonin is a versatile hormone with numerous potential health and longevity benefits. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its ability to support mitochondria and improve sleep quality, make it a promising tool in the fight against aging. However, more studies should be conducted to confirm melatonin's full potential as an anti-aging agent. As with any supplement, it is important to take melatonin in consultation with a doctor or health professional to avoid potential side effects and interactions. Sources: Reiter, RJ, Tan, DX, & Korkmaz, A. (2014). The Circadian Melatonin Rhythm and Its Modulation: Possible Impact on Aging. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Tan, DX, Manchester, LC, Hardeland, R., Lopez-Burillo, S., Mayo, JC, Sainz, RM, & Reiter, RJ (2002). Melatonin: A hormone, a tissue factor, an autocoid, a paracoid, and an antioxidant vitamin. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Reiter, RJ, Paredes, SD, Manchester, LC, & Tan, DX (2008). Reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress: A newly-discovered genre for melatonin. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Kondratova, AA, & Kondratov, RV (2010). The circadian clock and pathology of the aging brain. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Srinivasan, V., Pandi-Perumal, SR, Spence, DW, & Cardinali, DP (2011). Melatonin in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Fisher, G. J., Varani, J., & Voorhees, J. J. (2008). Looking older: fibroblast collapse and therapeutic implications. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Carrillo-Vico, A., Guerrero, JM, Lardone, PJ, & Reiter, RJ (2013). A Review of the Multiple Actions of Melatonin on the Immune System. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Zhdanova, IV, & Wurtman, R.J. (1997). Efficacy of Melatonin as a Sleep Promoting Agent. PubMed Brzezinski, A. (1997). Melatonin in humans. The New England Journal of Medicine Slominski, AT, Hardeland, R., Reiter, RJ, & Reiter, CE (2014). Melatonin: a cutaneous perspective on its production, metabolism, and functions. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

What causes gray hair and how to reverse it?

As we age, our hair naturally loses its pigmentation, leading to the appearance of gray hair. Although this process is a natural part of aging, it can be frustrating for those who want to maintain a youthful appearance. In recent years, many people have become interested in finding ways to slow down, prevent, or even reverse gray hair. But is it really possible to do so? In this article, we'll take a closer look at the biology of gray hair to better understand why it occurs and what factors may contribute to its development. We'll also explore some remedies and lifestyle changes that might help slow or prevent the onset of gray hair. Finally, we'll look at some of the potential methods for reversing gray hair and discuss the effectiveness of these approaches. Whether you're looking to prevent gray hair or reverse it once it's already occurred, this article will give you valuable insight into this common sign of aging. Why does hair turn gray? Getting gray hair is an inseparable part of getting older. However, it is possible to slow down the rate of graying. And in some cases, it is even possible to reverse gray hair, as we will see. But why do we get grey hair in the first place? Currently, scientists have two main explanations: oxidative stress and stem cell depletion. In general, the cells that build and pigment our hair are damaged by oxidative stress, resulting in less colored, gray hair. In addition, these cells are produced less over time due to stem cell dysfunction. Causes of gray hair: Oxidative stress Melanocytes are cells that surround the hair shaft and give it color. More specifically, melanocytes pump tiny pigment grains into the hair cells that make up the hair. This pigment, called melanin, gives the hair its specific color. There are two types of melanin: eumelanin (a dark pigment) and pheomelanin (a light pigment). People with blonde hair have a lot of pheomelanin, while people with black hair have mostly eumelanin. As we age, our melanocytes become more exposed to oxidative stress. This means that harmful oxidative molecules, such as hydrogen peroxide, are produced in excessive amounts within the melanocytes and damage the cells. Hydrogen peroxide (also called oxygen bleach) damages and even kills the melanocyte cells that make the pigment. This leads to less production of melanin, which is what causes our hair to turn gray. But why does this accumulation of corrosive substances such as hydrogen peroxide occur? The aging process is mainly responsible. As we age, our melanocytes become less able to eliminate hydrogen peroxide. Our cells produce fewer proteins that break down hydrogen peroxide, such as catalase. Less catalase in older melanocytes means more hydrogen peroxide buildup and more damage to the melanocytes ( R , R , R ). But there are more reasons for graying hair than just the increase in oxidative stress. Causes of gray hair: dysfunction of stem cells Melanocytes are continuously produced by stem cells. As we age, these stem cells become damaged and many of them die. Fewer stem cells mean fewer melanocytes produced, which in turn leads to less pigment produced, causing hair to turn gray. The stem cells slowly but steadily become dysfunctional and eventually die for many reasons. One reason is the accumulation of oxidative stress, which occurs in the melanocytes. Other reasons cause the stem cell pool to dwindle, such as epigenetic changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, protein accumulation, telomere shortening, etc. This leads to stem cell depletion and, consequently, to a lower production of the melanocytes we need to give color to our hair ( R , R ). These are some of the main reasons why our hair turns gray. Of course, these processes can be accelerated by many factors, such as unhealthy diet, smoking, stress and specific diseases such as diabetes, autoimmune diseases, anemia or thyroid diseases. The role of stress in graying hair is very interesting. It is now clear that stress can accelerate graying of hair. We have all seen this in executives and presidents who have become significantly grayer at the end of their term because of all the stress and responsibility. How does stress accelerate graying of hair? Researchers discovered that when stress occurs, the nerve endings that innervate the hair follicle stem cells produce adrenaline. The adrenaline activates the stem cells and causes them to migrate from their niche to the upper regions of the skin, where the stem cells subsequently die. This leads to stem cell depletion. Fewer stem cells mean less production of melanocytes, which come from the stem cells. This means less pigment and therefore more graying of the hair ( R ). Other factors can also accelerate graying of hair, such as genetic predisposition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies (we'll see which ones), hormones, inflammation, ultraviolet light, pollutants, toxins and certain medications ( R ). 14 Ways to Treat Gray Hair There are many approaches to slowing down the graying of hair. One important approach is to ensure that you consume adequate amounts of specific vitamins and minerals that are very important for the maintenance and protection of stem cells and melanocytes. 1. Consume adequate amounts of minerals that are important for healthy hair Certain minerals are needed by melanocytes to produce pigment (a process called melanogenesis), such as copper, zinc, iron and calcium ( R , R ). Other important minerals for healthy hair are selenium and magnesium. People who are deficient in these important minerals are at a higher risk of their hair turning gray. Another important mineral for hair health is iodine. Iodine is an important building block in thyroid hormones, which play a role in hair pigmentation. Many thyroid disorders can lead to accelerated graying of hair ( R ). 2. Take your vitamins B vitamins are important for hair health, especially vitamin B12 ( R , R ). It is best to take a vitamin B complex supplement that contains all of the B vitamins rather than just a single one or a few B vitamins: B vitamins have synergistic effects. Low vitamin D levels are associated with a higher risk of premature graying of hair. Vitamin C: Taking this vitamin can increase glutathione levels and other antioxidant substances that may reduce oxidative stress in hair follicle cells ( R ). Vitamin A: Vitamin A is needed for healthy hair. However, be careful not to consume too much vitamin A (ideally less than 2500 international units per day). Iron deficiency has also been linked to gray hair. Too little copper intake can also contribute to graying hair. Insufficient protein intake can also be a cause of graying hair. 3. Eat healthy Healthy foods contain many substances that can reduce oxidative stress in the stem cells of hair follicles and melanocytes. In addition, a healthy diet provides all the vitamins, minerals and other substances necessary to keep your hair cells healthy for as long as possible. Eat plenty of vegetables (especially green leafy vegetables like kale, spinach and collard greens), colorful fruits (especially blueberries, blackberries, strawberries, raspberries and oranges), nuts (especially walnuts) and seeds like flaxseeds, chia seeds or pumpkin seeds. Flavonoids can slow down the graying of hair ( R ). Flavonoids are found in large amounts in brightly colored fruits and vegetables, such as blueberries, strawberries, oranges, green leafy vegetables, as well as in dark chocolate, onions, herbs and teas. One risk factor for premature graying is a vegetarian diet ( R ). Although it may be healthy to eat less meat, vegetarians are often deficient in important vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B12, zinc and iron, which hair stem cells and melanocytes need to function properly. The higher risk of deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals in vegetarians may explain premature baldness in some male vegetarians. On the other hand, the consumption of large amounts of animal products (eg meat and milk) can also cause premature graying of hair and baldness, as too much animal food overstimulates the aging pathways (eg mTOR, IGF and insulin pathways). Milk in particular activates these aging pathways very strongly. In addition, milk contains galactose, which causes considerable oxidative stress in the cells ( R ), which can lead to accelerated graying of hair. A balanced diet consisting of large portions of vegetables and fruits and small to moderate portions of animal products is ideal for gray hair. If this is not possible, supplementation may be appropriate. 4. Melatonin Melatonin is a natural substance produced by the body to prepare us for sleep. Melatonin could reduce graying of hair and improve hair pigmentation, mainly due to its protective effect on cells, including stem cells ( R , R ). 5. Ashwagandha This is an herb that can reduce oxidative damage. One study showed that people who took Ashwagandha for more than a year had an increased amount of hair pigment. 6. Don't smoke Smoking accelerates graying of hair ( R , R ). Toxic substances from smoke are absorbed into the blood and enter the cells that build and pigment the hair shaft, causing increased oxidative stress and other forms of damage. 7. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption Too much alcohol can put a strain on the cells in your body and cause your hair to turn grey faster ( R , R ). 8. Reduce stress, especially chronic stress As we've already discussed, stress can accelerate graying of hair ( R ). Try meditating more and changing your thought patterns to be less stressed, for example through cognitive behavioral therapy. 9. Pay attention to certain medications Some medications can cause graying of hair, such as antimalarials and certain chemotherapy drugs. 10. Use more science-based products (these are not sponsored links) There are many products that claim they can slow down or reverse graying hair. Most of them don't work. Almost none of them have been tested in human clinical trials comparing them to a placebo treatment. However, there are some products that have at least taken the trouble (and expense) to test their substances in a scientific way. But these products are not miracle cures either. Far from it. Greyverse (Biotec) and RE30 (Phyto Paris) are products that contain peptides that aim to stimulate melanin synthesis to slow down hair graying. These companies have conducted clinical trials to demonstrate the effectiveness of their products. They claim to reduce gray hair by about 30 percent after about 3 months. Since these products stimulate melanocytes to produce more pigment, there must still be sufficient melanocytes. Therefore, the product is recommended for people who have just started getting gray hair or people who have about 30 percent gray hair. Darkenyl (developed by Givaudan) contains substances that are precursors of melanin pigment and other ingredients that can protect hair stem cells. At least that's what they claim. Melaniq (Oxford Biolabs) claims to improve the synthesis of the hair pigment melanin. The supplement contains substances such as copper and tyrosine, which are needed to produce melanin (tyrosine is converted into L-dopa and then into melanin). It also contains substances that can protect hair stem cells and melanocytes, such as vitamin C, green tea extract, vitamin D, B vitamins (B12, folic acid, biotin), quercetin and lycopene. This approach is not very new or innovative, since it has been known for decades that these substances are involved in pigment synthesis or in protecting pigment-producing cells, but of course it could help. Keep in mind that you need to take these products for at least 3 months and ideally 7 months or more to see results. 11. Pseudocatalase cream One study showed that a topical cream containing pseudocatalase could reduce oxidative stress and induce partial repigmentation ( R ). 12. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) There are some reports that repeated treatments with platelet-rich plasma injected into the scalp may darken hair again, but this is still very preliminary and more research is needed. 13. Pills and supplements to slow down gray hair Several companies are working on pills that could bring back colored hair. Some of these companies are focusing on the Wnt pathway, which is involved in hair graying. Some major cosmetic companies like L'Oréal are focusing on pills that contain vitamins, minerals and other natural substances to slow down hair graying. 14. Don't damage your hair The stem cells in the hair follicles are very delicate. If you bleach your hair or expose your scalp to too much UV light or heat (from curling irons or hair dryers), you risk damaging or stressing the delicate stem cells, causing them to degenerate more quickly. Can gray hair become colored again? There are case reports of people who have reversed gray hair and regained their original hair color. For example, neurologists reported that a woman who received Mucuna pruriens extract had white hair in some parts of her hair turn black again. Mucuna pruriens, sometimes called Bengal velvet bean, is sometimes used as an alternative adjunct treatment for Parkinson's disease. Mucuna pruriens contains L-dopa, which is a precursor to dopamine, a substance that is lacking in Parkinson's patients. L-dopa is also a precursor to melanin pigment. Therefore, it stands to reason that sometimes some anti-Parkinson's supplements and medications can reverse graying of hair ( R ). Other examples of gray hair reversal have been observed in some cancer patients treated with immunotherapy: they reported that their gray hair became darker again ( R ). In fact, there are many case reports of people who have regained their hair color after taking certain medications. These are often anti-inflammatory drugs (eg, adalimumab), inducers of pigment production (erlotinib, levodopa, erlotinib) or vitamins (eg, certain B vitamins) ( R ). Many of these drugs have serious negative side effects, so it is not recommended to take these drugs just to improve hair color (also, hair color only returned in a small number of people who took these drugs). Conclusion Gray hair is a common sign of aging that many people experience. While there are no guaranteed methods to reverse or prevent gray hair, there are many natural remedies and lifestyle changes you can try to promote healthy hair growth and restore natural hair color. Some promising approaches include incorporating certain supplements into your diet or making simple changes to your hair care routine. With the right approach, it is possible to slow or even reverse the effects of gray hair.